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Cataract

A cataract is a clouding or haziness of the lens in the eye that affects vision. It can occur in either or both eyes.

Types of cataracts

Senile cataract : Age related cataract. The most cataracts are related to aging.

Congenital or developmental cataract : The babies are born with cataracts or develop them in childhood, often in both eyes. These cataracts may be so small that they do not affect vision. If they do, the lenses may need to be removed.

Traumatic cataract: Cataracts can develop after an eye injury, sometimes years later.

Radiation cataract: Cataracts can develop after exposure to some types of radiation.

Secondary cataract:

Cataracts can form after surgery for other eye problems, such as glaucoma.

Cataracts secondary to diabetes, uveitis , degenerating disease

Cataracts  secondary to steroid use.

Cataract symptoms

• The most common symptoms of a cataract are:
• Cloudy or blurry vision.
• A halo may appear around lights.
• Diplopia  or multiple polyopia in one eye
• Colors seem faded.
• Glare.
•  Poor night vision
• Frequent prescription changes in your eyeglasses or contact lenses.

Risk  factors for cataract include:

Age

Prolonged  exposure to sunlight

Diabetes

Personal behavior such as smoking and alcohol use.

Indication of cataract surgery

If the symptoms of  cataract are not  improving  with new eyeglasses, brighter lighting, anti-glare sunglasses, or magnifying lenses.

 When cataract symptom interferes with patients  everyday activities, such as driving, reading, or watching TV. You and your eye care professional can make this decision together.

If  it prevents examination or treatment of another eye problem, such as age-related macular degeneration or diabetic retinopathy.

Types  of cataract surgery

Phacoemulsification, or phaco.

A small incision is made on the side of the cornea.

A tiny phaco probe entered  into the eye.

This emits ultrasound waves that soften and break up the cataractous  lens so that it can be removed by suction.

 New intra ocular lens (IOL) implanted in place of cataractous lens.

No stiches are required.

Most cataract surgery today is done by phacoemulsification

Phacoemulsification   also called "small incision cataract surgery."

Extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) surgery.

A longer incision (8-10mm) made at limbus.

The nucleus of the lens in one piece taken out.

The rest of the cortical matter  is removed by irrigating aspirating canula.

The  cataractus lens has been removed and is replaced intra ocular lens (IOL).

Stiches  are required.